Nitric acid h no 3, also known as aqua fortis latin for strong water and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral acid the pure compound is colorless, but older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen and water. Nitric acid environment, safety, health, and quality division. Nitric acid, colorless, fuming, and highly corrosive liquid that is a common laboratory reagent and an important industrial chemical for the manufacture of fertilizers and explosives. They do not relieve customers of carrying out their own tests and experiments, due to the great diversity of possible effects in processing and application of our products. Fuming nitric acid is concentrated nitric acid that contains dissolved nitrogen dioxide. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
It reacts with metals, oxides, and hydroxides, forming nitrate salts. Hazardous class purpose nitric acid also known as aqua fortis is an extremely corrosive acid and strong oxidizing agent. Chemical properties of nitric acid definition stability pure nitric acid is not very stable. A modeling study of the effect of nitric acid on cloud properties article pdf available in journal of geophysical research atmospheres 109d18 september 2004 with 30 reads how we measure reads. The recipients of our products ought to abide by the existing legislation and regulations as well as possible reserved rights. The crystal structures of the lowtemperature and highpressure polymorphs of nitric acid pdf. Safety data sheet nitric acid 67% 9195 2 9 disposal. Sulfuric acid is a sulfur oxoacid that consits of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. Concentrated nitric acid, 98% safety data sheet according to federal register vol.
Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water. First aid measures description of first aid measures general. We show 3 ways to make nitric acid based on two different chemical approaches both of which can be done using easily accessible materials. Nitric acid also called spirit of niter or aqua fortis comes with molecular formula of hno 3 which consists of three oxygen atoms, one nitrogen atom and one hydrogen atom. Dilute nitric acid behaves as a typical acid in its reaction with most metals e.
Information on the chemical and physical properties, manufacturing processes, materials of construction, uses, safety and health, analytical methods, and producers of. Impure acid or pure acid on standing develops yellow color due to the presence of dissolved oxides of nitrogen mainly no 2 it is completely soluble in water and forms a constant boiling mixture 120. Environment, safety, health, and quality division chapter 53 nitric acid safe handling guideline 20 may 20 slaci7300a09t010r002 2 of 2. The reaction product of nitric oxide with superoxide generates potent oxidizing agent, peroxynitrite which is the main mediator of tissue and cellular injury. Aqua fortis, engravers acid, hydrogen nitrate, red fuming nitric acid, rfna, white fuming nitric acid wfna colorless, yellow, or red, fuming liquid with an acrid, suffocating odor. Distillation of concentrated nitric acid with concentrated sulphuric acid in an. Hno3, aqua fortis, azotic acid, concentrated nitric acid other than red fuming, engravers acid.
About 70 percent of the nitric acid produced is consumed as an intermediate in the manufacture of. Revised on 12042012 page 1 of 6 safety data sheet nitric acid, 10% ww 1. Nitric acid is a powerful oxidizing agent, and the reactions of nitric acid with compounds such as cyanides, carbides, and metallic powders can be explosive. These properties make it an important basic chemical compound that is used in the production of many important chemicals such as fertilizers, polyurethanes, organic chemical intermediates, pharmaceuticals, synthetic fibers, dyes, insecticides, fungicides, and explosives.
Firstaid measures eyes rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention immediately. Nitric acid is the primary reagent used for nitration the addition of a nitro group, typically to an organic molecule. Un2031, nitric acid other than red fuming, with more than 20 percent and less than 65 percent nitric acid, 8, pg ii. Fire residues and contaminated fire extinguishing water must be disposed of in accordance with local regulations. Dispose of contents container to an approved waste disposal plant. Learn more about the properties and uses of nitric acid in this article. Nitric acid, red fuming appears as a pale yellow to reddish brown liquid generating redbrown. Information on basic physical and chemical properties. The main object of the investigation was to obtain reliable values of the thermal properties of concentrated nitric acid for use in correlating the data obtained in heattransfer research and in fluidfrictioncharacteristics. Aqua fortis 7697372 hno 3 68 70 water 7732185 h 2 o 30 32 trade secret statement. Nitric acid was the first adopted oxidizer for copper cmp. Nitric acid 65% solution columbus chemical industries.
In the laboratory, the reduction of nitric acid is the best method for preparing nitric oxide. The effect of nitric acid on the oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes mwcnts has been investigated by sample weight, raman spectrum, solubility. Cdc niosh pocket guide to chemical hazards nitric acid. Concentrated nitric acid, with nitrogen in the 5 oxidation state, acts as a strong oxidizing agent. Standard operating procedure university of washington. Nitric acid the university of kansas health system. Nitric acid is soluble in water and it is also a strong oxidizing agent. Local exhaust ventilation or breathing protection is required. The commercial production of nitric acid is by oxidizing anhydrous ammonia to nitric oxide, in the presence of platinum catalyst at a high temperature ostwald process. While some resulting nitro compounds are shock and thermallysensitive explosives, a few are stable enough to be used in munitions and demolition, while others are still more stable and used as pigments in inks and dyes. Safety data sheet nitric acid 67% 9195 3 9 specific extinguishing methods.
It contains information on the following propellants. Nitric acid, 70% ww safety data sheet according to federal register vol. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against. Nitric acid, colorless, fuming, and highly corrosive liquid that is a common laboratory reagent and an important industrial chemical for the manufacture of. Nitric acid is a strong acid, a powerful oxidizing compound, and a nitrating agent. Accidental release measures personal precautions, protective equipment and. Nitric acid hno3, also known as aqua fortis latin for strong water and spirit of niter, is a. Apr 27, 2015 commonly used in fertilizers and in rare occasions even explosives nitric acid is a colorless or yellow liquid with a characteristically acrid, caustic odor and corrosive properties.
Journal of chemical education 2015, 92 12, 19711972. Nitric acid reacts with most metals, but the details depend on the concentration of the acid and the nature of the metal. Reactions of nitric acid with many organic compounds, such as turpentine, are violent and hypergolic i. Owing to the various properties discussed above, nitric acid has become a vital component of various industries, right from fertilizer production to manufacturing of explosives and rocket propellant. Passing a current of dry air through this liquid removes the n 2 o 5, and leaves a colourless liquid with a 98. The plants range in size from 6,000 to 700,000 tons per year.
Nitric acid hno 3 is a highly corrosive mineral acid. For manufacturing, industrial, and laboratory use only. Inhalation move casualty to fresh air and keep at rest. Writing equations and calculating electromotive force of redox reaction. Acute toxicity of fumes from heated, concentrated nitric acid inhaled. The fertilizer industry uses weak nitric acid in the range of 50 to 65% strength and thus the high concentration above 70% weight nitric acid production process is not included. Dscl eec all ingredients are listed on the dscl inventory. Some nitric acid is used as an intermediate in the polymer industry for manufacturing polyamides and polyurethanes. Since nitric acid has both acidic and basic properties, it can undergo an autoprotolysis reaction, similar to the selfionization of water. Physical properties of concentrated nitric acid unt digital. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture. Being a strong acid, it is highly soluble in water. Muhammad sajid lecturer department of chemical engineering university of gujrat, pakistan contents introduction properties history process description chemistry of reactions uses health safety and environment introduction. Do not mix with bleach or other chlorinated products will cause chlorine gas.
It consists of 84% nitric acid h n o 3, % dinitrogen tetroxide and 12% water. The main object of the investigation was to obtain reliable values of the thermal properties of concentrated nitric acid for use in correlating the data obtained in heattransfer research and in fluidfriction. Concentrated nitric acid, aqua fortis physical properties exposure limits colorless to yellowbrown liquid with a pungent odor. It is usually utilized for abstracting transition metal catalyst from singlewalled carbon nanotubes swnts in order to purify them. Plexiglass chemical resistance properties acrylic e 30 days of constant exposure with no damage. These data are based on our current knowledge, experience and technical equipment. Pure nitric acid is a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Nitric acid, nitrous acid, and nitrogen oxides, in. Us dot un2031, nitric acid, 8, pg ii tdg un2031, nitric acid, 8, pg ii imdg un2031, nitric acid, 8, pg ii marine pollutant no iataicao un2031, nitric acid, 8, pg ii 15. F some effect after 7 days of constant exposure to the reagent. Nitric acid environment, safety, health, and quality. Industrial, manufacturing or laboratory use manufacturer. Wear appropriate protective neoprene gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Burning ammonia is the commercial method of preparing nitric oxide. Nitric acid cargo handbook the worlds largest cargo. Properties of nitric acid definition, examples, diagrams. Impure acid or pure acid on standing develops yellow color due to the presence of dissolved oxides of nitrogen mainly no 2. The nitrogen dioxide dissolves until the liquid is saturated, and evaporates off into fumes with a. An older density scale is occasionally seen, with concentrated nitric acid speci. Regulatory information tsca inventory status all ingredients are listed on the tsca inventory. Often, the reaction products include carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.
As such, it is frequently involved in reactive chemical accidents. Nitricacid band intensities and bandmodel parameters from 610 to 1760 cm. Acidic nature nitric acid is a strong monobasic acid. There are different concentrations of nitric acid available, and they are colorless. Low yields of nitric oxide, no, form when heating nitrogen and oxygen together. Chemical burn with nitric acid and xanthoproteic reaction. Physical and thermodynamic properties of pure chemicals data compilation. Pdf a modeling study of the effect of nitric acid on. Since nitric acid has both acidic and basic properties, it can undergo an autoprotolysis reaction, similar to the selfionization of. Journal of the optical society of america b 1984, 1 5, 715. The procedures in this video produce large quantities of toxic gases and deal with highly corrosive. The color of red fuming nitric acid is due to the dinitrogen tetroxide, which breaks down partially to form nitrogen dioxide. Nitric oxide no a free radical having both cytoprotective as well as tumor promoting agent is formed from larginine by converting it to lcitrulline via nitric oxide synthase enzymes. Nitric acid is a liquid with an acrid, pungent and suffocating odor.
The nitric acidnitrogen tetroxide oxidizer handbook is a compilation of engineering information on the physical and chemical properties, storage and handling, production, transportation, safety, and material compatibility of the nitric acidnitrogen tetroxide family of oxidizers and their blends. Raman spectral study of the constitution and equilibria of nitric acid and dnitric acid. Nitric acid hno3 cid 944 structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties. Nitric acid clarke major reference works wiley online. Physical and chemical data 23 2146 linear expansion of miscellaneous substances. Red fuming nitric acid rfna is a storable oxidizer used as a rocket propellant. In the event of fire andor explosion do not breathe fumes. Use for neutralization of basic systems, as a catalyst, as a solvent, or as a laboratory reagent. Nitric acid is a nitrogen oxoacid of formula hno3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms. Physical properties of nitric acid pure nitric acid is a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. It is completely soluble in water and forms a constant boiling mixture 120. Emission of n 2 o from nitric acid production has been estimated at 11. Even at ordinary temperature, in presence of sunlight it undergoes slight decomposition. Both have maximum allowable levels of chlorides, sulfates, arsenic, heavy metals, iron, and residue after burning.
It is a very strong acid, a powerful oxidizing agent and has the ability to nitrate organic materials, thus making it essential for the production of numerous chemicals. Physical properties of concentrated nitric acid unt. It is a very strong acid, a powerful oxidizing agent and has the ability to nitrate organic materials, thus making it essential for the production of. Even when dilu te, it is a relatively strong oxidizing agent. Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by oshas eye and face protection regulations in 29 cfr 1910. Acids properties and examples chemistry libretexts. Print version pdf download sds pdf nitric acid technical grade. Uses of nitric acid what are the uses of nitric acid. The direct strong nitric acid process is similar to the weak nitric acid process, but has additional processing steps that bypass the azeotrope to produce strong nitric acid. This mineral acid has a variety of applications and presents several health hazards if used without the necessary safety precautions. This article covers the incompatible properties of nitric acid hno3 with formic acid ch2o2, and more generally with various acids such as sulfuric acid h2so4, hydrochloric acid hcl, and. G little or no damage after 30 days of constant exposure to the reagent.